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Clinical trial · no report yet · Phase not applicable

ENCEPHALON

Whole Brain Radiation Therapy Alone vs. Radiosurgery for SCLC Patients With 1-10 Brain Metastases

We haven't built an HCP commentary report on ENCEPHALON (small cell lung cancer with 1-10 brain metastases; tests no drug) yet. This page shows the registry record and the public commentary we found that names the trial. A report reads that commentary and sets out what clinicians said about the trial, each point linked to its source. How reports are made.

Indexed commentary on ENCEPHALON so far

Podcasts, YouTube videos and X posts we have indexed that name the trial. It is where a report starts, not where it ends: the build searches for more, so finished reports usually cover more than this.

ChannelIndexed
Podcasts3
X threads3

The trial

ClinicalTrials.gov
Official title
Whole Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT) Alone Versus Radiosurgery (SRS) for Patients With 1-10 Brain Metastases From Small Cell Lung Cancer
Phase
Phase not applicable
Status
Completed
Conditions
SCLC; Brain Metastases
Interventions
SRS; WBRT
Arms
  • Arm A: SRS · Experimental
  • Arm B: WBRT · Active comparator
Enrollment
56
Primary outcomes
  • Neurocognition
Sponsor
Juergen Debus with Heidelberg University
Start
Dec 1, 2017
Primary completion
Oct 1, 2023
Results posted
No
Registry record
NCT03297788 · updated Jan 5, 2024

Publications

linked from the registry
  • Aoyama H, Shirato H, Tago M, Nakagawa K, Toyoda T, Hatano K, Kenjyo M, Oya N, Hirota S, Shioura H, Kunieda E, Inomata T, Hayakawa K, Katoh N, Kobashi G. Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation therapy vs stereotactic radiosurgery alone for treatment of brain metastases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006 Jun 7;295(21):2483-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.21.2483. PubMed 16757720
  • Auperin A, Arriagada R, Pignon JP, Le Pechoux C, Gregor A, Stephens RJ, Kristjansen PE, Johnson BE, Ueoka H, Wagner H, Aisner J. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Aug 12;341(7):476-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199908123410703. PubMed 10441603
  • Bentzen SM, Constine LS, Deasy JO, Eisbruch A, Jackson A, Marks LB, Ten Haken RK, Yorke ED. Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC): an introduction to the scientific issues. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Mar 1;76(3 Suppl):S3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.040. PubMed 20171515
  • Bergqvist M, Brattstrom D, Bennmarker H, Wagenius G, Riska H, Brodin O. Irradiation of brain metastases from lung cancer: a retrospective study. Lung Cancer. 1998 Apr;20(1):57-63. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5002(98)00015-4. PubMed 9699188
  • Bernhardt D, Adeberg S, Bozorgmehr F, Opfermann N, Hoerner-Rieber J, Repka MC, Kappes J, Thomas M, Bischoff H, Herth F, Heussel CP, Debus J, Steins M, Rieken S. Nine-year Experience: Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Extensive Disease Small-cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2017 Jul;18(4):e267-e271. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.11.012. Epub 2016 Dec 2. PubMed 28027850
  • Bernhardt D, Adeberg S, Bozorgmehr F, Opfermann N, Hoerner-Rieber J, Konig L, Kappes J, Thomas M, Herth F, Heussel CP, Warth A, Debus J, Steins M, Rieken S. Outcome and prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer treated with whole brain radiotherapy. J Neurooncol. 2017 Aug;134(1):205-212. doi: 10.1007/s11060-017-2510-0. Epub 2017 May 30. PubMed 28560661
  • Bernhardt D, Bozorgmehr F, Adeberg S, Opfermann N, von Eiff D, Rieber J, Kappes J, Foerster R, Konig L, Thomas M, Debus J, Steins M, Rieken S. Outcome in patients with small cell lung cancer re-irradiated for brain metastases after prior prophylactic cranial irradiation. Lung Cancer. 2016 Nov;101:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.09.010. Epub 2016 Sep 14. PubMed 27794411
  • van Buuren S. Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification. Stat Methods Med Res. 2007 Jun;16(3):219-42. doi: 10.1177/0962280206074463. PubMed 17621469
  • Carmichael J, Crane JM, Bunn PA, Glatstein E, Ihde DC. Results of therapeutic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988 Mar;14(3):455-9. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(88)90260-x. PubMed 2830211
  • Chang EL, Wefel JS, Hess KR, Allen PK, Lang FF, Kornguth DG, Arbuckle RB, Swint JM, Shiu AS, Maor MH, Meyers CA. Neurocognition in patients with brain metastases treated with radiosurgery or radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Nov;10(11):1037-44. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70263-3. Epub 2009 Oct 2. PubMed 19801201
  • Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubinstein L, Shankar L, Dodd L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009 Jan;45(2):228-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026. PubMed 19097774
  • Fertil B, Malaise EP. Intrinsic radiosensitivity of human cell lines is correlated with radioresponsiveness of human tumors: analysis of 101 published survival curves. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1985 Sep;11(9):1699-707. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(85)90223-8. PubMed 4030437
  • Gaspar L, Scott C, Rotman M, Asbell S, Phillips T, Wasserman T, McKenna WG, Byhardt R. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997 Mar 1;37(4):745-51. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(96)00619-0. PubMed 9128946
  • Giannone L, Johnson DH, Hande KR, Greco FA. Favorable prognosis of brain metastases in small cell lung cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Mar;106(3):386-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-386. PubMed 3028222
  • Herfarth KK, Izwekowa O, Thilmann C, Pirzkall A, Delorme S, Hofmann U, Schadendorf D, Zierhut D, Wannenmacher M, Debus J. Linac-based radiosurgery of cerebral melanoma metastases. Analysis of 122 metastases treated in 64 patients. Strahlenther Onkol. 2003 Jun;179(6):366-71. doi: 10.1007/s00066-003-1050-z. PubMed 12789461
  • Hochstenbag MM, Twijnstra A, Wilmink JT, Wouters EF, ten Velde GP. Asymptomatic brain metastases (BM) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC): MR-imaging is useful at initial diagnosis. J Neurooncol. 2000 Jul;48(3):243-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1006427407281. PubMed 11100822
  • Kochhar R, Frytak S, Shaw EG. Survival of patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer who have only brain metastases at initial diagnosis. Am J Clin Oncol. 1997 Apr;20(2):125-7. doi: 10.1097/00000421-199704000-00003. PubMed 9124183
  • Komaki R, Cox JD, Whitson W. Risk of brain metastasis from small cell carcinoma of the lung related to length of survival and prophylactic irradiation. Cancer Treat Rep. 1981 Sep-Oct;65(9-10):811-4. PubMed 6268295
  • Lassen U, Kristjansen PE, Hansen HH. Brain metastases in small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 1995 Nov;6(9):941-4. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059363. No abstract available. PubMed 8624299
  • Marks LB, Yorke ED, Jackson A, Ten Haken RK, Constine LS, Eisbruch A, Bentzen SM, Nam J, Deasy JO. Use of normal tissue complication probability models in the clinic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Mar 1;76(3 Suppl):S10-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1754. PubMed 20171502
  • Newman SJ, Hansen HH. Proceedings: Frequency, diagnosis, and treatment of brain metastases in 247 consecutive patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer. 1974 Feb;33(2):492-6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197402)33:23.0.co;2-o. No abstract available. PubMed 4812766
  • Nugent JL, Bunn PA Jr, Matthews MJ, Ihde DC, Cohen MH, Gazdar A, Minna JD. CNS metastases in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: increasing frequency and changing pattern with lengthening survival. Cancer. 1979 Nov;44(5):1885-93. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197911)44:53.0.co;2-f. No abstract available. PubMed 227582
  • Postmus PE. Brain Metastases From Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, or Both? Semin Radiat Oncol. 1995 Jan;5(1):69-73. doi: 10.1054/SRAO00500069. PubMed 10717129
  • Quan AL, Videtic GM, Suh JH. Brain metastases in small cell lung cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Jul;18(8):961-72; discussion 974, 979-80, 987. PubMed 15328892
  • Scharp M, Hauswald H, Bischof M, Debus J, Combs SE. Re-irradiation in the treatment of patients with cerebral metastases of solid tumors: retrospective analysis. Radiat Oncol. 2014 Jan 3;9:4. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-9-4. PubMed 24387239
  • Schwartz LH, Seymour L, Litiere S, Ford R, Gwyther S, Mandrekar S, Shankar L, Bogaerts J, Chen A, Dancey J, Hayes W, Hodi FS, Hoekstra OS, Huang EP, Lin N, Liu Y, Therasse P, Wolchok JD, de Vries E. RECIST 1.1 - Standardisation and disease-specific adaptations: Perspectives from the RECIST Working Group. Eur J Cancer. 2016 Jul;62:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.082. Epub 2016 May 26. PubMed 27237360
  • Schwer AL, Gaspar LE. Update in the treatment of brain metastases from lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2006 Nov;8(3):180-6. doi: 10.3816/CLC.2006.n.045. PubMed 17239293
  • Shibamoto Y, Baba F, Oda K, Hayashi S, Kokubo M, Ishihara S, Itoh Y, Ogino H, Koizumi M. Incidence of brain atrophy and decline in mini-mental state examination score after whole-brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases: a prospective study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Nov 15;72(4):1168-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.02.054. Epub 2008 May 19. PubMed 18495375
  • Slotman B, Faivre-Finn C, Kramer G, Rankin E, Snee M, Hatton M, Postmus P, Collette L, Musat E, Senan S; EORTC Radiation Oncology Group and Lung Cancer Group. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 16;357(7):664-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa071780. PubMed 17699816
  • Soffietti R, Kocher M, Abacioglu UM, Villa S, Fauchon F, Baumert BG, Fariselli L, Tzuk-Shina T, Kortmann RD, Carrie C, Ben Hassel M, Kouri M, Valeinis E, van den Berge D, Mueller RP, Tridello G, Collette L, Bottomley A. A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial of adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation in patients with one to three brain metastases from solid tumors after surgical resection or radiosurgery: quality-of-life results. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Jan 1;31(1):65-72. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.41.0639. Epub 2012 Dec 3. PubMed 23213105
  • Son CH, Jimenez R, Niemierko A, Loeffler JS, Oh KS, Shih HA. Outcomes after whole brain reirradiation in patients with brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Feb 1;82(2):e167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.03.020. Epub 2011 May 27. PubMed 21620583
  • Sperduto PW, Chao ST, Sneed PK, Luo X, Suh J, Roberge D, Bhatt A, Jensen AW, Brown PD, Shih H, Kirkpatrick J, Schwer A, Gaspar LE, Fiveash JB, Chiang V, Knisely J, Sperduto CM, Mehta M. Diagnosis-specific prognostic factors, indexes, and treatment outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases: a multi-institutional analysis of 4,259 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Jul 1;77(3):655-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.025. Epub 2009 Nov 26. PubMed 19942357
  • Sperduto PW, Kased N, Roberge D, Xu Z, Shanley R, Luo X, Sneed PK, Chao ST, Weil RJ, Suh J, Bhatt A, Jensen AW, Brown PD, Shih HA, Kirkpatrick J, Gaspar LE, Fiveash JB, Chiang V, Knisely JP, Sperduto CM, Lin N, Mehta M. Summary report on the graded prognostic assessment: an accurate and facile diagnosis-specific tool to estimate survival for patients with brain metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Feb 1;30(4):419-25. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.0527. Epub 2011 Dec 27. PubMed 22203767
  • Takahashi T, Yamanaka T, Seto T, Harada H, Nokihara H, Saka H, Nishio M, Kaneda H, Takayama K, Ishimoto O, Takeda K, Yoshioka H, Tachihara M, Sakai H, Goto K, Yamamoto N. Prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 May;18(5):663-671. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30230-9. Epub 2017 Mar 23. PubMed 28343976
  • Tsao MN, Lloyd N, Wong RK, Chow E, Rakovitch E, Laperriere N, Xu W, Sahgal A. Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Apr 18;2012(4):CD003869. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003869.pub3. PubMed 22513917
  • Welzel G, Fleckenstein K, Schaefer J, Hermann B, Kraus-Tiefenbacher U, Mai SK, Wenz F. Memory function before and after whole brain radiotherapy in patients with and without brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Dec 1;72(5):1311-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.03.009. Epub 2008 Apr 28. PubMed 18448270
  • Wong WW, Schild SE, Sawyer TE, Shaw EG. Analysis of outcome in patients reirradiated for brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996 Feb 1;34(3):585-90. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(95)02156-6. PubMed 8621282
  • Bernhardt D, Hommertgen A, Schmitt D, El Shafie R, Paul A, Konig L, Mair-Walther J, Krisam J, Klose C, Welzel T, Horner-Rieber J, Kappes J, Thomas M, Heussel CP, Steins M, Kieser M, Debus J, Rieken S. Whole brain radiation therapy alone versus radiosurgery for patients with 1-10 brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (ENCEPHALON Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Jul 16;19(1):388. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2745-x. PubMed 30012190
Analysis of public HCP commentary. Not medical advice and not for promotional use. Reports do not judge efficacy, estimate consensus or promote any product.
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